成考英语作文满分揭秘(下)
来源:www.shandong-edu.com 时间:2021-01-13 15:06:27 作者:山东成人高考
昨天我给大家讲了《高考英语作文满分揭秘(上)》的7个方法,今天我将继续给大家讲另外的7个方法!
1.注重过渡与衔接
高考作文在表达出具体内容同时,也是给别人阅读的,因此可读性很重要。趣味横生的句子人人爱读,而枯燥乏味的内容读下去真的需要很大的努力。当阅读不再是享受时,很难说这是一篇佳作。之所以强调连贯性和过渡自然,正缘于此。在高考作文的评判过程中,语句连贯、过渡自然是很重要的一项评分标准,因此学生要正确恰当地使用连接词和短语,并适时加入作文,文章的可读感会立增,结构也更显紧凑。为使同学们熟练运用过渡语和链接短语,编者给搜集了如下常用语。
(1)表示时间:now、then、in the past、at present、in the future等。
(2)表示顺序:fist.next. and then. finally、at the same time、 meanwhile(同时)、first.then. after that. finally, in the end等。
(3)表示并列:both...and、as well as、neither...nor、either...or、some..... some等。
(4)表示递进: besides、otherwise、even、thus、let alone、moreover、what' s more、furthermore、to say nothing of、It goes without saying等。
(5)表示转折:but、however、yet、meanwhile、at the same time、instead、on the contrary、unfortunately、after all等。
(6)表示让步: though、although、in spite of等。
(7)表示对比: while、on one hand、on the other hand、in the same way、just as等。
(8)表示因果: because、 because(of)、as、since、now that、so、therefore、as a result、thanks to等。
(9)表示总结: in a word、in short、in brief、in all、in the end、in conclusion、at last、finally、to sum up等。
(10)表示程度: first of all、above all, again and again等。
(11)表示强调: indeed、surely、certainly、of course、above all等。
(12)转换话题: by the way、I' m afraid、In my opinion、to tell the truth、to be honest、 after all in fact等.
(13)表示列举: for example、 such as、 for instance like and so on等。
来看下面一则短文,感受过渡词的妙处:
To find the store is quite easy. First, go straight from here until you meet a traffic light. Turn right and go through another crossing. Then, take No. 2 bus and get off at Zhongshan Road. Next change to No 5 bus and get off at Renmin Road. After about 5 minutes walk to the south, you will see a big bookstore. Finally, walk on until you come to a square. The store is on the east of the square. You can't miss it.
这段文字虽然所涉头绪繁多,但由于使用了恰当的过渡词,行文一下子顺畅很多,句子间的关系也更清晰明了。
2.合理安排句型
复杂句式的优点是容量大,所含信息较多,因此在讲述多个要素时,可考虑使用复合句。如果需要可把类似的、相近的、互补的句子整合成一个长句。这样做的优点是,重点突出,逻辑合理。例如:
When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth,or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want.
改为: To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want.
“一合二”的句子更易理解,逻辑更合理,也更具英语思维。
在被动语态上,中文和英文有着显著的差别。
①中文常用主动语态,在英文中常用被动,如:
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天讨论这个问题(英文是被动语态结构)。
②中文中主语多为人称代词,而英语中主语繁多。
It's important to learn English well.
Where and when the meeting will be held has not been decided.
We aim at quality rather than quantity.
Teaching the children is the thing I like best.
仔细观看上述例句,可见在英语中不仅名词和代词可做主语,动名词、被动式、不定时、从句等都可做主语。
3.灵活运用高级句式
同学们在造句时,一定要打破汉语思维的禁锢和约束,既要使句子生动,也要使内容简明扼要。如何做到摆脱汉语束缚?多练,多读,多听……频繁接触英文,耳濡目染,自然会熟谙英文行文规律。
例1:2009年玉树发生了一次大地震。
[一般句式] There was a strong earthquake in Yushu in 2009.
[优秀句式] A terrible earthquake hit/ struck Yushu in 2009.
分析: there be结构固然正确,但后句却摒弃常见句式,独辟蹊径使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,并且加入了 terrible,ht/ strike这样的词汇,表达方式更地道。
例2:现在每个人都知道这个消息了,我想一定是戴维把它泄露出去的。
[一般句式] Now everyone knows the news. I think David must have let it out.
[优秀句式] Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been David who has let it out.
例3:你8月15号的信我今天上午收到了。
[一般句式] I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.
[优秀句式] Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.
分析:前句为普通方式,后句表达更为简洁,地道。
例4:就算她的发音不比她老师好的话,至少也不会比她老师的差。
[一般句式] If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers, it is at least as good as her teacher s
[优秀句式] Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than her teacher's.
4.运用高级词汇以示新颖
根据考试大纲和评分标准,现在的高考评分原则逐渐倾向于“使用较复杂句式和高级词汇”,这一指导思想不仅要求考生要做到“能”,还要做到“精”,即在完成表达内容的基础上,尽量使用高级句式和高级词汇。
高级句式我们知道是什么,无非多种从句和复合句,那何谓高级词汇呢?其实本无高级词汇,但若能在阐述中使用更为精准、更恰当,就是高级词汇。通常认为高级词汇有三个方面含义:
(1)超过大纲的词汇
根据教学大纲规定和相关教育部门的指导意见,考试大纲包含3800个词汇,基本包含了平常阅读所需单词。而优秀的高中毕业生可能掌握4500-5500的词汇量,超过的700-1700即为超过大纲的词汇。作文中若出现此类作文,说明考生词汇量很丰富,文章表达自然也更准确恰当。
例1:周末我们做很多作业。
[一般句式] At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
[优秀句式] At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:后句在表达时避开了 a lot of,而是使用了 endless endless就是超过大纲之外的词汇。其实原理也很简单:就是end+less而来,这是英语中最常见的衍生现象,即end是词根,less是后缀,形成新词。同学们稍微留点心就能掌握此类词。
例2:这栋房子在春晖街的一栋楼上。
[一般句式] The flat is in a building on Chunhui Street.
[优秀句式] The flat situates in a building on Chunhui Street.
分析: situate就是高级词汇,相对于be in,属《大纲》之外的词汇。
例3:浴室和厨房都很好。
[一般句式] The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
[优秀句式」 The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
分析: well-furnished明显更地道,表达方式更符合英语思维。
例4:几天前,我在街上碰巧遇见了他。
[一般句式] happened upon him in the street a few days ago.
[优秀句式] I happened upon him in the street the other day.
分析: the other day更有偶然的意思,明显比 a few days ago要高级。
例5:她的金色头发很迷人。
[一般句式] Her blonde hair is very beautiful
[优秀句式] Her blonde hair is very attract
分析: attractive吸引人的,迷人的;比 beautiful更高级,表达效果更加。这是由于 beautiful相对于 attractive属上义词,即所有优点的统称,而 attractive属下义词,类属于上义词。
(2)纲内词汇纲外用
一些词汇虽然在《大纲》之内,但用在句式上则显得十分恰当,有点睛效果,这类词汇也可视作高级词汇。
Hearing the news, I felt kind of depressed.听到这个消息,我感到有点沮丧。( kind of在此用作副词,意为“有点”)。
(3)低级词汇高级用
词汇和词汇是平等的,本身并无高低贵贱之分,但在不同的场合,不同的语言环境,换一个词后表达效果立升,美感立显,这就是所谓的低级词汇高级用典型示例。
He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down.
他低着头,沉默地站老师面前。(with复合结构用得好,伴随状态表示法)
The cat jumped over the short wall, up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.猫跳过低墙,爬上楼梯,之后钻进了角落里的一个洞。(介词over、up、into等用得较好,比较传神,传达的意思非常准确)
5.频繁突出关键词
关键词往往是文章主旨的化身,它在文中反复出现会把读者思维聚焦在这词上,产生一定的影响效果,有利于提升文章表达效果。
There is traffic when everything and everybody are using the roads. Subways and buses taking people to school or to work create traffic. Cars and motorcycles create traffic. People riding bicycles in the streets create traffic. You are part of the city traffic when walking along the sidewalk or across the street.
是不是认为 traffic出现的频率太高了?但它并未导致文章枯燥、呆板,反而使读者印象深刻,每次出现都有不同的含义,传递出新的意义。文章主旨也在它的频繁出现中得以凸显,加上不同的主语交错使用,文章行文连贯,可读性强。
6.适当使用名言警句
如果在作文中偶然加入一两句名言,则有画龙点睛、锦上添花之妙。名言警句不仅思想深邃,且脍炙人口,流传范围很广。名言的出现一下子就抓住文章表达主旨,更有说服力,表达效果自然也得以提升。编者为方便考生们复习和运用,特整理了一些常用警言名句,可根据需要在文章运用。
(1) Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。
(2) Good advice is beyond price.有益的忠告是无价之宝。
(3) Easy come, easy go.来得容易去得快。
(4) You cannot judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相。
(5) Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
(6) Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁。
(7) Great hopes make great men.伟大的思想造就伟大的人。
(8) One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。
(9) Well begun is haft done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
(10) An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨
(11) A friend is easier to be lost than found.朋友易失不易得。
(12) Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。
(13) a life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生无友,犹如没有太阳。
(14) Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竞成。
(15) A contented mind is a perpetual feast.知足常乐。
(16) Pride goes before destruction a fall./ Pride will have a fall.骄者必败。
(17) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
(18) A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见知己。
(19) Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
7.布局巧妙运乎一心
在写作时,应按一定的顺序来写,如事件顺序、结构次序、时间顺序、地点先后等。同时为突出主题、结构合理,应注重使用主题句,即命题中给出的句式。认真通读下文,感受美文的优点:
Opinions are divided on the question.
60%0 of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What's more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because money is needed to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest,however, fees should be charged low.
分析
①该文运用 Opinions are divided.开篇立意,紧跟两个段落都使用了主题句,使全文结构紧凑,行文连贯,逻辑合理。
②该文在阐述各项要点时,适当地调整了顺序。如“40%的同学认为应收门票,但不宜太高。”这一句式特点是:主题句放句首,另一句放句末。They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.如此一来,主次分明,条理更清晰,层次感凸显。
③文中使用了and、what' s more、however等过渡词,兼有 on the other hando解释前后两个观点是不同的),这些连接词的运用加强了句与句之间和段落之间的联系,文章更加紧凑,行文连贯,可读性大增。
④在解释不收门票的“原因”时使用了 Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等细节,这显然是为了解决句式之间的连贯性而故意为之。
简言之,要想使文章出类拔萃,夺人眼球,即必须有亮点,有闪光点,以吸引读者。“学海无涯苦作舟”,任何技巧都不是一日之间连成的,必须通过反复的练习。“他山之石可以攻玉”,同学们在日常的学习中要勤于思考,善于模仿,在思考的过程中探索奥秘,在模仿中积累经验,点点滴滴的积累终会成为作文中的亮点。
今天小编就讲到这里,希望昨天和今天讲的英语作文14个知识点能够帮助到你。
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