成人高考英语:助动词的5种用法?
来源:www.shandong-edu.com 时间:2021-01-13 15:06:05 作者:山东成人高考
助动词本身没有独立的意义,在句中不能作独立谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、人称、数和否定疑问的语法特征。助动词有be,do,have,shall,will,should, would等。如:
Do you speak English?
你说英语吗?(疑问句)
He was still doing his homework at10pm last night.
他昨晚上10点还在做作业。(过去进行时)
The professor was invited to visit the school in Beijing.
这个教授被邀请参观北京的某个学校。(被动语态)
助动词的用法有以下几点:
(1)助动词be的用法
①构成进行时态,如:
What were you doing this time yesterday evening?
昨天晚上这个时候你在做什么?
I am listening to a piece of music now.
我现在正在听音乐。
②构成被动语态,如:
He was invited to the dance ball last week.
他上周被邀参加舞会。
preparations are being made for the speech contest(比赛).
讲演比赛的准备工作正在进行。
③和动词不定式构成谓语,表示按计划安排要发生的事。如:
Where are we to meet?
我们在哪里碰头?
I was to stay at home with my sister
我和我妹妹待在家里。
(2)助动词have的用法
have+过去分词构成完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑间式。如:
I have already seen this film.
我已经看过这部电影了。
He had lived in China for ten years before his mother came.
在他妈妈来之前,他已在中国生活十年。
(3)动词do的用法
①构成一般时的疑问式或否定式。如:
Do you come to work on foot every day?
你每天走着上班吗?
Don't be late next time.
下次别迟到了。
②加强语气。如:
Do come and join us.
千万要来参加我们的活动。
I do think you should go.
我的确认为你应该去。
③代替前面刚出现过的动词,以避免重复。如:
Do you like music?Yes,I do.
你喜欢音乐吗?是的,我喜欢。
I went to the concert yesterday.So did she.
我昨天去音乐会了,她也去了。
④构成倒装句。如:
Only then did I understand what he meant.
只有到那时,我才知道他的意思。
Never did he go there again.
他再也没去过那里。
(4)助动词shall和will的用法
shall/will+动词原形构成将来时态。shall在陈述句中只用于第一人称,will可用于所有人称。如:
Tomorrow I shall finish the work.
明天我将完成这项工作。
We shall/ will be glad to see you.
我们将很高兴见到你。
(5)助动词 should和 would的用法
①should是shall过去式, would是will的过去式。 should/ would+动词原形构成过去将来时。 should用于第一人称, would用于所有人称。如:
He asked us when we should have the basketball match.
他问我们什么时间将举行球赛。
I told him I would wait for him outside.
我告诉他我在外面等他。
②构成虚拟语气。如:
If he were here, everything would be all right.
要是他在这里,一切都没有问题了。
If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
如果不听你的话,我就犯大错了。
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